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2019

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06

【Exploration in Education】Three Stages of Human Education: "Goodness, Truth and Beauty"

From the perspective of the long history, the core values of human survival and development are mainly three types: "truth, goodness and beauty": ancient human education is an education system centered on "goodness", China's first educational thinker Confucius Established an education system centered on "benevolence" and formed a Confucian educational tradition. This educational tradition pays special attention to the cultivation of the moral personality of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trustworthiness", which has dominated China for more than two thousand years. The "morality-based" education system cultivates people with "morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, and labor" to develop in an all-round way. Although many elements of Western education are absorbed, its core values and overall


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Education to explore

From the perspective of history, the core values ​​of human survival and development are mainly three types: "truth, goodness and beauty": ancient human education is an education system centered on "goodness", and Confucius, the first educational thinker in China, Established an education system centered on "benevolence" and formed the educational tradition of Confucianism. This educational tradition pays special attention to the cultivation of the moral personality of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and trustworthiness", which has dominated China for more than 2,000 years. The "morality-based" education system cultivates people with all-round development of "morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, and labor". Although many elements of Western education are absorbed, their core values ​​and overall thinking methods are still here. Moral education" as the center of the traditional cycle.
The first educational thinker in the West, Socrates of ancient Greece, proposed that the primary task of education is to teach people "how to be a person", and established an education system centered on "goodness and virtue", advocating that "wisdom is the greatest goodness", Paying attention to the cultivation of the moral character of "knowledge is morality, self-control, and being an example of teaching by words and deeds" has dominated Western education for many years, and is the founder of the "Utopia", the first master of Western thought and the first master of education in the true sense. Plato also proposed that the highest educational ideal of the Utopia is to cultivate a Philosopher King who can approach the true idea of ​​goodness, thus creating an educational system with the harmonious development of "physical virtue, morality and intelligence" centered on cultivating the Philosopher King of the Philosophy of Kindness, which is the first in the history of Western education. A comprehensive education system, whose huge influence has continued to the present, has an eternal inspiring effect on human education research, and inspires today's human education to move towards "the return of classicism and the reconstruction of nurturing education".
In fact, people need to maintain a balance between the three attributes of natural attributes, aesthetic attributes and social attributes. Goodness is a high-level social attribute. This kind of educational thinking centered on "goodness" has developed into the Middle Ages. The emphasis on goodness was emphasized, and the combination of church and state power greatly suppressed the natural and aesthetic attributes of human beings. If it went astray, there was a Renaissance movement to liberate human nature.
 
the nature of education
After the liberation of freedom, aesthetics, and individuality of the Renaissance movement, since modern times, as Russell said in his book History of Western Philosophy: "The prestige of the church declines, and the prestige of science gradually rises." Modern education is gradually developing an education system centered on "truth", and the science and technology of instrumental rationality have become the center of the entire human education.
Three great educators appeared at this stage: Rousseau created a naturalistic education system, advocating the cultivation of free natural persons, and influenced the education of children all over the world; Herbart created a knowledge-centered curriculum and education system, advocated Complete the task of education through "teacher center, classroom center, and textbook center"; Dewey created a competency-centered curriculum and education system on the basis of criticizing Herbart's educational thought, turning static education into dynamic education , advocates to complete the task of education through "student center, activity center and experience center". At present, the mainstream education in all countries in the world is still mainly circulated in these three systems.
Since human beings do not yet know what the essence of education is, education still lacks the guidance of the positive energy of core values. Under the leadership of liberalism and pragmatism, the “truth” of empirical thinking is generally overemphasized, and science and technology are the primary productive forces. The combination of the way of thinking and the wave of commercialization dominated everything, and the society gradually evolved into a "one-dimensional society and one-dimensional man" dominated by technology centered on materialism as Marcuse put it, leading to The general repression of the natural attributes and aesthetic attributes of the world has led to the emergence of anti-modern ecological cultural movements and neo-romantic cultural movements all over the world.
 
Beauty is the essence of education
This means that human society is transforming from an "industrial society" to an "ecological society"; then, the future education of human beings can only adapt to the advent of an ecological society with an education system centered on "beauty", so that human "culture, “Politics and economy” move towards a more balanced and harmonious way, so that human educational thought has completed a three-stage dialectical cycle and integration of “positive-negative-combination”; beauty is the essence of education, and beauty is both the starting point and the end of education. , so that the human educational thought will no longer go towards negation, it has become the last stage, and the "beauty-oriented" educational system has become an optimized educational system that can produce the greatest sense of happiness. Therefore, human educational thought has ended. .
In this way, the "Beauty-Oriented Educational Thought and Educational Theory System" I created has pushed the human's "educational thought and educational theory" to the height of Zhumulangma! Therefore, in my opinion, due to the dislocation of educational values, contemporary human family education, school education and social education are still in a blind "truth-centered vicious circle", which needs to go through "beauty is the essence of education" and Cultivating people with all-round development of "beauty, morality, intelligence, physique, and labor" - after the baptism and purification of this core educational thought, it is only possible to return to glory through the reformation of life after death! This is a triumphant sunrise after a long period of despair between the earth on the verge of imbalance and the human education that is collectively dying and dying.